Toolbox Talk: Isocyanate Foam Insulation
Isocyanates have been used across various industries in the United States since the 1950s. Isocyanates are known to be present in rigid or flexible foams, surface coatings, paints, electrical wire insulation, adhesives, rubbers, and fibers. The health effects of isocyanate exposure include occupational asthma; skin irritation (dermatitis); irritation to the mucous membranes, eyes, nose, and throat; gastrointestinal irritation; chemical bronchitis; and pneumonitis. Continued overexposure to isocyanates may lead to pulmonary sensitization or ”isocyanate asthma,” which may include coughing, tightness of the chest, and shortness of breath.
Points to Remember:
1. When in doubt, always refer to the SDS for any chemical, substance, or material you are using on your job.
2. OSHA has established a National Emphasis Program for industries and workplaces exposed to isocyanate hazards. This applies to all workplaces (general, construction, and maritime) under OSHA’s jurisdiction.
3. Proper PPE: protective clothing, gloves, eyewear/goggles/face shields, and use of a respirator. Isocyanates are typically insoluble in water and are not easily washed off of an affected worker’s skin or clothing. A worker’s skin, hair, or non-disposable piece of clothing should ever be exposed.
4. Specific types of PPE should be selected according to the hazard assessment results of each workplace and project. Based on the chemical guides and consideration of all factors, a glove or clothing garment that is most resistant to the chemicals being used and best suited for the job task should be selected.
5. Because isocyanates are not easily detected by smell or taste, air monitoring should be used to determine the air concentration levels of isocyanates before selecting the appropriate level of respiratory protection for workers.
6. A complete respiratory program per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 is necessary to help ensure proper respirator selection, use, and training.
7. Develop best practices for work activities—enclosures or partitions, dust control measures, or proper air circulation and ventilation. Only vent to the outside using an approved filter.
